Plain English

Family court glossary

The vocabulary is a barrier on purpose. Here is what the words mean, without the billable hour.

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Affidavit of Indigency
A sworn form asking the court to waive fees — filing, transcript, service — because you cannot afford them. Commonly granted; ask for it rather than assuming cost ends the conversation.
Complaint for Modification
The filing you use to change an existing judgment — custody, parenting time, or support — because circumstances have materially changed since it was entered.
Contempt
A filing claiming the other party clearly disobeyed a court order. It requires a clear order and a clear violation; disagreement about interpretation is usually not contempt.
Ex parte
Contact with the judge, or a request to the judge, without the other side present. Ordinarily prohibited except in narrow emergency situations defined by rule.
Financial Statement
The mandatory sworn disclosure of income, expenses, assets, and debts. Short form or long form depending on income. Inaccuracy here damages your credibility on everything else.
GAL (Guardian ad Litem)
A court-appointed investigator who reports to the judge on custody and related issues. Not your lawyer and not the child's lawyer.
Impounded
Sealed from public access. GAL reports and certain other filings are impounded; sharing them can violate a court order.
LAR (Limited Assistance Representation)
Hiring an attorney for part of a case — one motion, one hearing, drafting only — rather than the entire matter. Often the most affordable route to real legal help.
Legal custody
Decision-making authority over major issues: education, medical care, religion. Separate from where the child lives.
Motion
A written request asking the judge to order something. Almost everything that happens between filing and trial happens by motion.
Physical custody
Where the child actually lives day to day. Can be sole or shared, and is distinct from legal custody.
Pro se
Representing yourself without an attorney. Also called self-represented. You are held to the same rules as a lawyer.
Probate & Family Court
The Massachusetts trial court department that handles divorce, custody, support, paternity, guardianship, and probate. Each county has at least one division.
Recusal
A judge stepping aside from a case because of bias or a conflict. You request it by motion; the judge decides in the first instance.
Register of Probate
The elected official whose office maintains the records and docket for a county's Probate & Family Court. Where you file, and where you request audio.
Service of process
Formally delivering filings to the other party in the way the rules require. Improper service is one of the most common reasons a case stalls.
Status conference
A short scheduled appearance to review where the case stands and set next steps. Not a trial, but what you say still lands in the record.
Temporary order
An order that governs custody, parenting time, or support while the case is pending. Temporary orders often become the de facto baseline for the final judgment — treat them as high stakes.

Need the longer version? Read the guides.